ZERO EMISSIONS VEHICLE

Computer Engineering electronics Engineering Civil Engineering

A zero-emissions vehicle, or ZEV, is a vehicle that emits no tailpipe pollutants from the onboard source of power. Harmful pollutants to the health and the environment include particulates (soot), hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, ozone, lead, and various oxides of nitrogen. Although not considered emission pollutants by the original California Air Resources Board (CARB) or U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) definitions, the most recent common use of the term also includes volatile organic compounds, several air toxics, and global pollutants such as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Examples of zero emission vehicles include muscle-powered vehicles such as bicycles; battery electric vehicles, which typically shift emissions to the location where the electricity is generated i.e. coal power plant; and fuel cell vehicles powered by hydrogen, which typically shift emissions to the location where the hydrogen is generated. Hydrogen-powered vehicles are not strictly zero-emissions, as they do emit water or water vapor, although they are still usually included in this category.

YOTA EGG

Yota Egg

Xmax

xMax developed by xG Technology is a wireless communications technology whose developers claim is low power and provides a high data rate over a distance of about 13 miles.

WIRELESSHD

WirelessHD is an industry-led effort to define a specification for the next generation wireless digital network interface for wireless high-definition signal transmission for consumer electronics products. The consortium currently has over 40 adopters; key members behind the specification include Broadcom, Intel, LG, Panasonic, NEC, Samsung, SiBEAM, Sony, Philips and Toshiba. The founders intend the technology to be used for the Consumer Electronic devices, PCs, and portable devices alike.The specification was finalized in January 2008.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY

Wireless telegraphy is a historical term used today to apply to early radio telegraph communications techniques and practices, particularly those used during the first three decades of radio (1887 to 1920) before the term radio came into use.Wireless telegraphy originated as a term to describe electrical signaling without the electric wires to connect the end points. The intent was to distinguish it from the conventional electric telegraph signaling of the day that required wire connection between the end points. The term was initially applied to a variety of competing technologies to communicate messages encoded as symbols, without wires, around the turn of the 20th century, but radio emerged as the most significant.Wireless telegraphy rapidly came to mean Morse code transmitted with Hertzian waves (electromagnetic waves) decades before it came to be associated with the term radio. It declined in popularity after the invention of radiotelephony, the ability to send sound by radio using amplitude modulation, was introduced around 1920, sparking the beginning of broadcasting. Radiotelegraphy continued to be used for point-to-point business, governmental, and military communication, and evolved into radioteletype networks. Wireless telegraphy is still used widely today by amateur radio, ham hobbyists where it is commonly referred to as radiotelegraphy, continuous wave, or just CW.

WIRELESS LAN

A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices using some wireless distribution method (typically spread-spectrum or OFDM radio), and usually providing a connection through an access point to the wider internet. This gives users the mobility to move around within a local coverage area and still be connected to the network. Most modern WLANs are based on IEEE 802.11 standards, marketed under the Wi-Fi brand name.Wireless LANs have become popular in the home due to ease of installation, and the increasing to offer wireless access to their customers; often for free. Large wireless network projects are being put up in many major cities: New York City, for instance, has begun a pilot program to provide city workers in all five boroughs of the city with wireless Internet access

WIRELESS ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND HEALTH

The World Health Organization has acknowledged that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are influencing the environment (but not people), and that some people are worried about possible effects.In response to public concern, the World Health Organization established the International EMF Project in 1996 to assess the scientific evidence of possible health effects of EMF in the frequency range from 0 to 300 GHz. They have stated that although extensive research has been conducted into possible health effects of exposure to many parts of the frequency spectrum, all reviews conducted so far have indicated that exposures are below the limits recommended in the ICNIRP (1998) EMF guidelines, covering the full frequency range from 0

WIMAX

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a telecommunications protocol that provides fixed and mobile Internet access. The current WiMAX revision provides up to 40 Mbit/s with the IEEE 802.16m update expected to offer up to 1 Gbit/s fixed speeds. The name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard. The forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL".

WIBRO

WiBro (Wireless Broadband) is a wireless broadband Internet technology developed by the South Korean telecoms industry. WiBro is the South Korean service name for IEEE 802.16e (mobile WiMAX) international standard. By the end of 2012, the Korean Communications Commission intends to increase WiBro broadband connection speeds to 10Mbit/s, around ten times the current speed, which will complement their 1Gbit/sec fibre-optic network.WiBro adopts TDD for duplexing, OFDMA for multiple access and 8.75/10.00 MHz as a channel bandwidth. WiBro was devised to overcome the data rate limitation of mobile phones (for example CDMA 1x) and to add mobility to broadband Internet access (for example ADSL or Wireless LAN). In February 2002, the Korean government allocated 100 MHz of electromagnetic spectrum in the 2.3

WI FI

Wi-Fi is a branded standard for wirelessly connecting electronic devices. A Wi-Fi device, such as a personal computer, video game console, smartphone, or digital audio player can connect to the Internet via a wireless network access point. An access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20 meters (65 feet) indoors and a greater range outdoors. Multiple overlapping access points can cover large areas."Wi-Fi" is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance and the brand name for products using the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. Wi-Fi is used by over 700 million people, there are over 4 million hotspots (places with Wi-Fi Internet connectivity) around the world, and about 800 million new Wi-Fi devices every year.Wi-Fi products that complete the Wi-Fi Alliance interoperability certification testing successfully can use the Wi-Fi CERTIFIED designation and trademark.

WATERMARKING BASED CONTENT SECURITY AND MULTIMEDIA INDEXING IN DIGITAL LIBRARIES

Encryption, digital signature and digital watermarking arethe key techniques used in content protection and securityapplications. Latest technology to prevent the digital content frompiracy and preserve the ownership information is to watermark the digital content. Watermarking the digital content with origininformation or intended recipient identification secures content fromelectronic data theft. In digital libraries enormous collection of data is available in the form of multimedia (image, video, graphics and audio) and needs to be ed to provide the end users for easyaccess to the digital library. The multimedia contents are indexed byorigin, date and time of content creation, key words and titles. In this seminar, watermarking based content protection (authentication) and digital index creation for multimedia information has been proposed. In order to support the users for efficient use of available channelbandwidth, high quality videos and universal supported formats,digital libraries are supported with real time applications like video streaming, compression, and transcoding. The compute intensive operations of the video processing applications make a big challenge to the existing systems.

VOLUNTEER COMPUTING

Volunteer computing is a type of distributed computing in which computer owners donate their computing resources (such as processing power and storage) to one or more "projects".

USE OF ELECTRONICS IN ARCHITECTURE

Modern agricultural business is becoming increasingly reliant on computer electronics-based systems,automation, and robotics that are taking over many of the tedious tasks formerly performed by humans, with superior performance in most cases. To manage the increasing complexity of agricultural systems, increasingly sophisticated methodologies are required. This has given rise to the promising field of precision agriculture, where the goal is to improve the efficiency of operation of agricultural enterprises, as well as the duality and consistency of products, by compensating for the vagueness and uncertainty of the environment. Conversely, social demand has created pressure for respectful treatment of the environment and the well-being of humans. These objectives result in new and challengin g problems, problems that can only be resolved by applying advanced information and control technologies to production management of processes and farms

URGENT COMPUTING

Urgent computing is a new and evolving field made possible by the improved fidelity and utility of high-performance computing to decision making. It refers to the concept of providing prioritized and immediate access on regular Supercomputers and Grids for emergency computations such as severe weather prediction during matters of immediate concern. Applications that provide decision makers with information during critical emergencies cannot waste time waiting in the job queues and need access to compute resources as soon as possible

Universal serial bus

USB is an interface for communicating external peripherals with an external PC. In this presentation various interfaces prevalent today and their comparisons with USB are brought out. Different types of USB controllers along with the chips available in market is discussed in detail. The USB hardware and software details along with USB products available in market are presented. The advantages both from user and developer point of view are included. A brief discussion on different data transfers supported by USB and how the peripheral gets enumerated as soon as it is plugged to a port is also included.

Underwater acoustic communication

Underwater acoustic communication is a technique of sending and receiving message below water . There are several ways of employing such communication but the most common is using hydrophones. Under water communication is difficult due to factors like multi-path propagation, time variations of the channel, small available bandwidth and strong signal attenuation, especially over long ranges. In underwater communication there are low data rates compared to terrestrial communication, since underwater communication uses acoustic waves instead of electromagnetic waves.

UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING

ubicomp is a post-desktop model of human-computer interaction in which information processing has been thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities. In the course of ordinary activities, someone "using" ubiquitous computing engages many computational devices and systems simultaneously, and may not necessarily even be aware that they are doing so. This model is usually considered an advancement from the desktop paradigm. More formally Ubiquitous computing is defined as "machines that fit the human environment instead of forcing humans to enter theirs."This paradigm is also described as pervasive computing, ambient intelligence., where each term emphasizes slightly different aspects. When primarily concerning the objects involved, it is also physical computing, the Internet of Things, haptic computing, and things that think. Rather than propose a single definition for ubiquitous computing and for these related terms, a taxonomy of properties for ubiquitous computing has been proposed, from which different kinds or flavors of ubiquitous systems and applications can be described.

TRANSPUTER

The transputer was a pioneering microprocessor architecture of the 1980s, featuring integrated memory and serial communication links, intended for parallel computing. It was designed and produced by Inmos, a British semiconductor company based in Bristol. For some time in the late 1980s many considered the transputer to be the next great design for the future of computing. While Inmos and the transputer did not ultimately live up to this expectation, the transputer architecture was highly influential in provoking new ideas in computer architecture, several of which have re-emerged in different forms in modern systems.

three dimensional integrated circuit

In electronics, a three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC, 3D-IC, or 3-D IC) is a chip in which two or more layers of active electronic components are integrated both vertically and horizontally into a single circuit. The semiconductor industry is pursuing this promising technology in many different forms, but it is not yet widely used; consequently, the definition is still somewhat fluid.

THE EYEGAZE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

The Eyegaze System is a communication and control system for people with complex physical disabilities. You run the system with your eyes. By looking at control keys displayed on a screen, a person can synthesize speech, control his environment (lights, appliances, etc.), type, operate a telephone, run computer software, operate a computer mouse, and access the Internet and e-mail. Eyegaze Systems are being used to write books, attend school and enhance the quality of life of people with disabilities all over the world.