Synthetic Rubber

Computer Engineering electronics Engineering Civil Engineering

Synthetic rubber - characteristics of different elastomers, physical and chemical testing - SBR, BR, Nitrile, CR, 11R and reclaimed rubber.

Smart polymers

Smart polymers or stimuli-responsive polymers are high-performance polymers that change according to the environment they are in.

Rubber Processing Machineries

Basic Rubber Machineries(i) Various types of mixing mill(ii) Internal mixers(iii) Calenders(iv) Extruders(v) Moulding presses - hydraulic and hand operated(vi) Spreading machine(vii) Solution mixer(viii) Vulcanizers

Rubber Compounding

Rubber compounding - definition and objectives - compounding - curing agents - accelerators - antioxidants - Zinc oxide - stearic acid - process acids - fillers - polishing agents - blowing agents - vulcanisers - cross linking systems

Reinforcement application technology

The fibre reinforcement can be applied on the rubber products with different processes. For straight hoses the most used processes are braiding, spiralling, knitting and wrapping. The first three processes have in common that multiple strands of fibres are applied to the product simultaneously on a predetermined pattern in an automated process. The fourth process comprises manual or semi-automated wrapping of rubber sheets reinforced with fabric plies. For the reinforcement of complex shaped rubber products like bellows most manufacturers use these fabric reinforced rubber sheets. These sheets are made by calendering of rubber onto pre-woven fabric plies. The products are manufactured by wrapping (mostly manually) these sheets around a mandrel until enough rubber and reinforcement is applied. However, the disadvantage of using these sheets is that it is impossible to control the positioning of the individual fibres of the fabric when applied on complex shapes. Therefore no geodesic paths can be achieved and therefore also no isotensoid loading is possible. To obtain isotensoide loading on a complex shape, the shape must have an isotensoideal profile and geodesic positioning of the fibre structure is required. This can be achieved by using automated winding processes like filament winding or spiralling.

Reclaimed Rubber

Reclaimed rubber - different methods of manufacture - compounding - major uses

Latex Concentration

Latex concentration - centrifuging - creaming - preservation of latex.

ionomer

An ionomer is a polymer that comprises repeat units of both electrically neutral repeating units and a fraction of ionized units (usually no more than 15 percent). Ionomers have unique physical properties including electrical conductivity and isoviscosity -- increase in ionomer solution viscosity with increasing temperatures (see conducting polymer). Some commercial applications for ionomers are golf ball covers, semipermeable membranes, sealing tape and thermoplastic elastomers.

Inflatable rubber dam

Inflatable rubber dams are cylindrical rubber fabrics placed across channels, streams and weir or dam crests to raise the upstream water level when inflated. The membrane is a multi-layer fabric made of synthetic fibre (usually nylon)and rubberised on one or both sides. The fabric is quite flexible and yet exhibits good wear-resistance characteristics. A layer of stainless steel mesh or ceramic chips can be embedded in the surface layer to reduce or prevent vandal damage.