SEWAGE TREATMENT

Computer Engineering electronics Engineering Civil Engineering

Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally-safe fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer). Using advanced technology it is now possible to re-use sewage effluent for drinking water, although Singapore is the only country to implement such technology on a production scale in its production of NEWater.

ROSETTE SAMPLER

A rosette sampler is used to collect samples in deep water, such as the Great Lakes or oceans, for water quality testing.

Reservoir geophysics

this seminar includes uses at seismic data in delineating and describing reservoirs and in their surveillance; hydrocarbon indicators and other topics; hydrocarbon indicators; attributes; unconformities and examples of channels; reefs and other carbonate features

Membrane separation processes

This seminar includes MF, UF, RO, its classification

Instrumentation & Control in Water Treatment Plants

This seminar includes Instrumentation fundamentals,measurements, temperature, pressure measurement, valves, positioners & actuators,controllers, water quality monitoring instruments & analyzers, programmable controllers,distributed process control systems.

HYDROBIOLOGY

Hydrobiology is the science of life and life processes in water. Much of modern hydrobiology can be viewed as a sub-discipline of ecology but the sphere of hydrobiology includes taxonomy, economic biology, industrial biology, morphology, physiology etc. The one distinguishing aspect is that all relate to aquatic organisms. Much work is closely related to limnology and can be divided into lotic system ecology (flowing waters) and lentic system ecology (still waters).One of the significant areas of current research is eutrophication. Special attention is paid to biotic interactions in plankton assemblage including the microbial loop, the mechanism of influencing water blooms, phosphorus load and lake turnover. Another subject of research is the acidification of mountain lakes. Long-term studies are carried out on changes in the ionic composition of the water of rivers, lakes and reservoirs in connection with acid rain and fertilisation. One goal of current research is elucidation of the basic environmental functions of the ecosystem in reservoirs, which are important for water quality management and water supply.Much of the early work of hydrobiologists concentrated on the biological processes utilised in sewage treatment and water purification especially slow sand filters. Other historically important work sought to provide biotic indices for classifying waters according to the biotic communities that they supported. This work continues to this day in Europe in the development of classification tools for assessing water bodies for the EU water framework directive.

Fluid Flow Operation

This seminar includes Fluid statics, hydrostatic equilibrium, flow of fluids, flowmeasurement, flow of incompressible fluid through pipes, study of centrifugal pumps, different industrial pumps.

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Ecotoxicology is the study of the effects of toxic chemicals on biological organisms, especially at the population, community, ecosystem level. Ecotoxicology is a multidisciplinary field, which integrates toxicology and ecology.The ultimate goal of this approach is to be able to predict the effects of pollution so that the most efficient and effective action to prevent or remediate any detrimental effect can be identified. In those ecosystems that are already impacted by pollution ecotoxicological studies can inform as to the best course of action to restore ecosystem services and functions efficiently and effectively.Ecotoxicology differs from environmental toxicology in that it integrates the effects of stressors across all levels of biological organisation from the molecular to whole communities and ecosystems, whereas environmental toxicology focuses upon effects at the level of the individual and below.[

Drilling a well

THIS SEMINAR INCLUDES from top to bottom, Drilling methods and equipment for directional, horizontal and multilateral wells, casing and casing string design, tubing and tubing string design, drilling bits, offshore drilling operations, well capping.

Design of Waste Water Treatment System

It covers General considerations for source of drinking water, Economic sizing of pumping mains; Considerations for layout of treatment plant; Water treatment plant design.Design of Screens; Grit chamber; Aerated grit chamber; Communitor, Sizing of flow equalization tank; Design of ; primary sedimentation tank.Activated sludge process and its modifications; Trickling filter design along with hydraulic considerations; Rotating biological contactor; Aerated lagoons; Waste stabilization ponds.Anaerobic treatment Process; Design of up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor; Design of anaerobic sludge digester; Design of sludge drying beds.

AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY

Aquatic toxicology is the study of the effects of manufactured chemicals and other anthropogenic and natural materials and activities on aquatic organisms at various levels of organization, from subcellular through individual organisms to communities and ecosystems.In the United States aquatic toxicology plays an important role in the NPDES wastewater permit program. In additional to analytical testing for known pollutants, aquatic, whole effluent toxicity tests have been standardized and are performed routinely as a tool for evaluating the potential harmful effects of effluents discharged into surface waters.